Holographic stress analysis

Device for nondestructive testing of soldered joints correlates stress with load to predict printed circuit board lifetime

Orbital tube flaring system produces tubing connectors with zero leakage

An orbital tube flaring system produces tubing connectors with a zero-leak potential needed in high pressure hydraulic and pneumatic systems. The flaring system incorporates a rolling cone and rolling die to closely control flare characteristics

Space Station Planetology Experiments (SSPEX)

A meeting of 50 planetary scientists considered the uses of the Space Station to support experiments in their various disciplines. Abstracts (28) present concepts for impact and aeolian processes, particle formation and interaction, and other planetary science experiments. Summaries of the rationale, hardware concepts, accomodations, and recommendations are included

The theory of long-term behavior of artificial satellite orbits due to third-body perturbations

Third-body perturbation effects on satellite orbit reduced to nonlinear system requiring elliptic integral

A solid ceramic electrolyte system for measuring redox conditions in high temperature gas mixing studies

The details of the construction and operation of a gas mixing furnace are presented. A solid ceramic oxygen electrolyte cell is used to monitor the oxygen fugacity in the furnace. The system consists of a standard vertical-quench, gas mixing furnace with heads designed for mounting the electrolyte cell and with facilities for inserting and removing the samples. The system also contains the highinput impedance electronics necessary for measurements and a simplified version of standard gas mixing apparatus. The calibration and maintenance of the system are discussed

Comparative evaluation of solar, fission, fusion, and fossil energy resources. Part 5: Conclusions and recomendations

Air pollution resulting from the use of fossil fuels is discussed. Phenomena relating to the emission of CO2 such as the greenhouse effect and multiplier effect are explored. Particulate release is also discussed. The following recommendations are made for the elimination of fossil fuel combustion products in the United States: development of nuclear breeder reactors, use of solar energy systems, exploration of energy alternatives such as geothermal and fusion, and the substitution of coal for gas and oil use

Transient shutdown analysis of low-temperature thermal diodes

The various thermal diodes available for use in cryogenic systems are described. Two diode types, liquid-trap and liquid-blockage diodes, were considered to be the most attractive, and thermal models were constructed to predict their behavior in the reverse mode. The diodes, which are of similar size and throughput, were also examined experimentally in a parallel test setup under nominally identical conditions. Their characteristics were ascertained in terms of forward-mode and reverse-mode conductances, shutdown times and energies, and recovery to forward-mode operation with ethane as the working fluid in the temperature range 170 K to 220 K. Results show that the liquid-blockage diode is the quicker of the two diodes to shut down from the forward mode (8 min as opposed to 10 min). However, the liquid-blockage diode has a larger reverse-mode conductance which results in a greater overall evaporator temperature rise. The importance of the relative size and heat inputs to the condenser/reservoir configuration of the liquid-blockage diode and the evaporator trap configuration for the liquid-trap diode are demonstrated. Also included are data which show the susceptibility of the diodes to recovery to forward-mode operation. Guidelines for the choice of a particular diode for an actual application are given

Parametric Performance of a Spiral-Artery, Liquid-Trap-Diode Heat Pipe

A series of parametric investigations are described which determine the effect of various fluid charges on the performance of a 0.635-cm-diam spiral-artery, liquid-trap diode in both the forward and reverse modes. Specific parameters such as forward- and reverse-mode conductances, shutdown times and energies, and recovery to forward-model operation, are evaluated for ethane as a working fluid in the temperature range 170 K to 220 K. Results indicate that the heat pipe will not reliably start up in the forward mode. However, startup can be initiated when preceded by a diode reversal. Also included are data which show the susceptibility of the diode to fluid charge and tilt. The optimum fluid charge was found to be 2.67 g and transport capability at this charge was in excess of 1200 W-cm at 200 K. The diode in the reverse mode exhibited a rapid shutdown (within 9 min) with a shutdown energy of 1150 J (0.32 Wh)